Biases In Research
General Terms in Research
General terms in research:
Prevalence
Incidence
Exposure and outcome
Contingency table (two by two table or cross tabulation)
Population
sample
Prevalence:
Is an indication of how frequent a specific
outcome or disease is present in a specified population
= (Number of cases /population ) *100
Incidance:
How fast the outcome or disease is growing in a specific community.
[New cases / population at ridk( population – old cases) ] *100
Exposure and outcome:
Two terms that used in a clinical research. An exposure also called a risk factor or an independent variable, outcome called dependent, disease.
Contingency table (two by two table or cross tabulation):
Is a method used to display the frequency distribution of two variables across each other, for the purpose of assessing the association between these two variables.