Study Design
Introduction to study design
The research study design is a set of methods and procedures or framework that used to gather and analyze data on variables specified in a particular research problem.
The type of study design is determined by the question's nature, the research goal, and resource availability.
There are several types of research study design, each with its strengths, limitations and flaws since the design of a study can affect its validity, it is important to understand the different types of study design.
Why we need to select a study design?
After identification and selection of the problem and objectives. We must decide exactly how we are going to achieve our stated objectives and how we are going to collect and process the data.
Study design:
Is a framework, or a process that guides researcher on how to collect and analyze data on variables specified in a particular research problem.
Research study designs are of many types, with their advantages and limitations.
Types of studies:
Non intervention studies (observational):
Researcher just observe, not intervene.
Intervention Studies:
Researcher manipulates, then measures the outcome of his manipulations.
Types of study designs:
Descriptive Studies:
Describe the patterns of the disease occurrence by person, place and time.
Analytic Studies:
Used to test the relationship and the outcome to measure the magnitude of the association and its statistical significance.
Types of Study design:
Analytic study design:
Observational Studies:
• Comparative cross-setional
• Case control, retrospective, risk factors
• Cohort, prospective, outcomes (incidence rate)Experimental Studies:
• Therapeutic trial.
• preventive trial.
Descriptive study design:
Case report, unusual manifestation on individual case.
Case series, group of reports.
Cross sectional (prevalence rate).